Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Microorganisms

The effect of nanotechnology in all areas of science and technology is apparent. The expanding availability of an assortment of nanostructures with properties in the nanometer size range has sparked rife interest in their use in biotechnological systems including the field of environmental remediation. Nanomaterials can be used as catalysts, adsorbents, water disinfectants, membranes and additives to increase catalytic activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nano-size effects. Thus, nanomaterials appear promising for new highly effective environmental technologies. Decidedly, nanotechnology applications for site remediation and sewage treatment are currently in development stages. Metallic nanoparticles synthesis has been intensively developed not only due to its essential scientific interest but also for many technological applications. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by microbes is a relatively new promising area of research with considerable potential for expansion and eco-friendly method. On the other hand, chemical synthesis of nanoparticle occurs generally under ultimate conditions (e.g. temperature, pH) and also chemicals used may have associated environmental and human health effects (Pereira et al., 2013).